Which term refers to the proportion of a population affected by a disease at a specific time?

The term that refers to the proportion of a population affected by a disease at a specific time is prevalence. Prevalence provides a snapshot of how widespread a disease is within a particular population at a given moment. This measurement captures both new and existing cases of the disease, allowing healthcare professionals to understand the overall burden of the disease in the community.

In contrast, incidence refers to the number of new cases that develop in a specific period, which is useful for understanding the rate at which a disease is spreading over time. Risk typically denotes the likelihood of developing a disease, often expressed in terms of probabilities. Survival rate indicates the percentage of people who continue to live for a certain period after diagnosis, reflecting outcomes rather than prevalence. Therefore, prevalence is the appropriate term in this context, as it specifically addresses the proportion of the population affected by the disease at a specific time.