Which symptom is least likely associated with hypercalcemia?

When considering the symptoms associated with hypercalcemia, it is important to recognize the physiological effects of elevated calcium levels in the blood. Hypercalcemia can lead to a range of symptoms largely due to its impact on the nervous system, gastrointestinal system, and renal function.

Constipation is a common symptom of hypercalcemia. High levels of calcium can decrease gastrointestinal motility, resulting in slower bowel movements and constipation.

Confusion may occur as a result of hypercalcemia affecting the central nervous system. The elevation of calcium can disrupt normal neuronal function, leading to cognitive changes such as confusion, altered mental status, or lethargy.

Fatigue is also often reported by patients with hypercalcemia. The metabolic processes affected by high calcium levels can lead to a sense of tiredness and reduced energy levels.

In contrast, diaphoresis, or excessive sweating, is not a typical symptom associated with hypercalcemia. The mechanisms behind hypercalcemia generally do not promote sweating; instead, they often lead to symptoms like dehydration or reduced perspiration, especially since patients may experience constipation or confusion. Therefore, diaphoresis is least likely to be noted in individuals with elevated calcium levels compared to the symptoms linked to increased calcium that involve gastrointestinal and neurological disturbances.