Which of the following treatment options is commonly used for multiple sclerosis?

The treatment option that is commonly used for multiple sclerosis is immunotherapy. This approach focuses on modifying the immune response to reduce inflammation and slow the progression of the disease. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the protective myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers, leading to neurological symptoms.

Immunotherapy treatments, such as disease-modifying therapies, are specifically designed to target the underlying mechanisms of the disease. These therapies can help decrease the frequency and severity of relapses, enhance quality of life, and prevent long-term disability. Common examples include interferons, glatiramer acetate, and newer oral medications like fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate.

In contrast, while antispasmodics may be used to manage symptoms such as muscle spasticity in individuals with multiple sclerosis, they do not address the underlying disease process itself, nor are they primary treatment modalities for managing the overall course of the illness. Similarly, surgery is not a standard treatment for multiple sclerosis, and antibiotics are not appropriate because this is not an infectious condition. Therefore, immunotherapy remains the cornerstone of effective treatment for managing multiple sclerosis.