Which of the following conditions is associated with sun exposure leading to hyperpigmented areas?

Actinic keratoses are conditions that arise from long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, particularly from the sun. These lesions are characterized by rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed areas of the skin, such as the face, ears, and back of the hands. As a result of cumulative sun damage, actinic keratoses can lead to hyperpigmented areas due to the increase in melanin production as the skin attempts to protect itself from UV radiation.

The other conditions listed do not primarily result from sun exposure or lead to hyperpigmented areas in the same way. Psoriasis is an autoimmune condition characterized by red, inflamed patches covered with silvery scales and is not directly related to sun exposure for its primary pathology. Rosacea is a chronic skin condition that primarily affects the face, leading to redness and visible blood vessels, but it is not associated with hyperpigmentation as a consequence of sunlight. Vitiligo, on the other hand, is an autoimmune disorder that causes loss of skin pigment in patches, not an increase in pigmentation from sun exposure. Therefore, actinic keratoses is the condition most directly linked to hyperpigmented areas as a result of sun exposure.