Which leukemia is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome?

The Philadelphia chromosome is specifically associated with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML). It results from a translocation between chromosome 9 and chromosome 22, which creates the BCR-ABL fusion gene. This gene plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of CML, driving the proliferation of myeloid cells and contributing to the disease's characteristics, such as the presence of a high white blood cell count.

In contrast, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) may have genetic abnormalities but is not characteristically associated with the Philadelphia chromosome. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) also do not typically involve the Philadelphia chromosome in their pathophysiology. Thus, the correct association of the Philadelphia chromosome with CML highlights its importance in understanding both the diagnosis and treatment strategies for this type of leukemia.