Which condition is characterized by excessive secretion of bronchial mucus and a productive cough for at least 3 months in 2 consecutive years?

Chronic bronchitis is defined by a persistent productive cough that lasts for at least three months and occurs in consecutive years. This condition results from long-term irritation of the airways, often due to smoking or exposure to environmental pollutants, leading to excessive secretion of bronchial mucus. The inflammation of the airways and the consequent mucus production contribute to significant airflow obstruction and respiratory difficulties.

The description of chronic bronchitis aligns directly with the criteria given in the question, highlighting its distinctive characteristic of a chronic productive cough. The chronic inflammation allows mucus to accumulate, contributing to the hallmark symptoms. This condition is one component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is differentiated from other respiratory conditions based on its specific clinical definitions and symptoms.

Other options represent different respiratory conditions with varying symptoms. Asthma, for instance, is marked by episodic wheezing, breathlessness, and reversible airway obstruction rather than a consistent productive cough. Pneumonia typically manifests through an acute and sudden onset of fever, chills, cough, and indicative radiological findings of infection, distinct from the chronic nature of bronchitis. Emphysema involves damage to the alveoli and is characterized by shortness of breath and difficulty with exhalation rather than a productive cough.