Which condition is characterized by clouding and opacification of the lens of the eye?

Cataracts are specifically characterized by the clouding and opacification of the lens of the eye. This condition leads to a gradual loss of vision as the lens becomes increasingly opaque, affecting the individual’s ability to see clearly. Common symptoms include blurred vision, difficulty with night vision, and seeing halos around lights.

The cloudiness is primarily due to the accumulation of proteins in the lens, which disrupts the transmission of light. Cataracts are a common age-related condition, but they can also result from other factors such as trauma, prolonged exposure to UV radiation, or certain medical conditions like diabetes.

In contrast, glaucoma involves damage to the optic nerve often associated with increased intraocular pressure, keratoconus affects the cornea's shape leading to distorted vision, and retinopathy refers to damage to the retina, usually due to diabetes or hypertension. Each of these conditions presents with different symptoms and characteristics, highlighting why cataracts are the specific condition related to lens opacification.