What theory posits that metabolic changes control the aging process through decline in protein synthesis?

The nutrition restriction theory is based on the premise that caloric intake influences the aging process, specifically through metabolic changes that impact protein synthesis. This theory suggests that reducing caloric intake without malnutrition can extend lifespan by triggering beneficial metabolic pathways. As caloric intake decreases, there are alterations in protein synthesis, which can promote cellular repair mechanisms, reduce oxidative stress, and enhance longevity.

In this context, the decline in protein synthesis as individuals age can lead to reduced cellular capacity for repair and regeneration. The theory underscores the relationship between nutrition, metabolic function, and the aging process, highlighting how dietary interventions may influence longevity and aging by modulating metabolic pathways.

Other theories, like the telomere theory, focus on the role of telomere shortening in cellular aging, while the wear and tear theory suggests that the cumulative damage to cells leads to aging. The apoptosis theory addresses programmed cell death and its role in aging, but does not specifically correlate with metabolic changes in protein synthesis. Thus, the nutrition restriction theory is the most aligned with the idea that metabolic changes control the aging process through declines in protein synthesis.