What serious side effect is associated with the use of Metformin?

Lactic acidosis is a serious side effect that can be associated with the use of Metformin, particularly in patients with specific risk factors. Metformin primarily works by decreasing hepatic glucose production and increasing insulin sensitivity, which makes it an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes. However, it can lead to an accumulation of lactic acid in the blood, especially in circumstances where renal function is compromised, or in cases of severe dehydration, sepsis, or other states of hypoperfusion.

In patients with compromised renal function, Metformin's clearance is reduced, leading to a higher risk of lactic acidosis. Symptoms of lactic acidosis may include muscle pain, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, dizziness, or a feeling of coldness in the extremities. Therefore, it is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor renal function regularly and assess for the risk factors associated with lactic acidosis in patients who are prescribed Metformin.

Other potential side effects of Metformin, such as hypoglycemia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, are relatively common but typically do not carry the same level of seriousness as lactic acidosis. While patients on Metformin may experience gastrointestinal disturbances or hypoglycemia, especially when paired with other diabetes medications, these effects are generally