What is characterized by a disruption in normal relationships of joint surfaces?

The correct choice highlights a condition in which the normal anatomical relationships of the joint surfaces are disrupted. Dislocation involves the complete loss of contact between the joint surfaces, causing the bones to become completely separated from their normal alignment within the joint capsule. This can lead to significant pain, swelling, and dysfunction in the affected joint.

When a dislocation occurs, the structures around the joint, including ligaments, tendons, and cartilage, may also be damaged, which can complicate recovery. Immediate medical intervention is often necessary to realign the joint and address any associated injuries.

In contrast, a subluxation is a partial dislocation where the joint surfaces are still in partial contact. A fracture refers to a break in the continuity of a bone, while a sprain involves the overstretching or tearing of ligaments around a joint without displacing the joint surfaces. Therefore, dislocation is distinctly characterized by the complete disruption of the normal relationship between joint surfaces, making it the most accurate answer to the question.