What is a common side effect associated with inhaled corticosteroids?

Inhaled corticosteroids are widely used in the management of respiratory conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). One of the most recognized side effects associated with their use is the development of oral candidiasis, commonly known as a Candida infection. This occurs because inhaled corticosteroids can suppress local immune responses in the oropharyngeal area, leading to an overgrowth of Candida species, which are normally present in small amounts.

Patients using inhaled corticosteroids may experience symptoms such as white patches in the mouth or throat, soreness, and difficulty swallowing. To mitigate this risk, patients are often advised to rinse their mouths with water and spit after using their inhalers.

Weight gain, hypertension, and hypoglycemia are not typically associated with inhaled corticosteroids in the same way as Candida infections. Weight gain and hypertension are more commonly seen with systemic corticosteroids, while hypoglycemia is not a common side effect of corticosteroids, as they can actually lead to an increase in blood sugar levels rather than a decrease. Thus, the relationship between inhaled corticosteroids and oral thrush is well-documented and makes Candida infection the correct choice among the provided options.