What effect does Metformin have on glucose production in the liver?

Metformin primarily works by decreasing glucose production in the liver, which is one of its key mechanisms of action in the management of type 2 diabetes. It achieves this through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which leads to reduced gluconeogenesis—the process by which the liver produces glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. By lowering liver glucose output, Metformin helps to reduce overall blood glucose levels, thereby improving glycemic control. This action not only helps in the management of diabetes but also plays a role in assisting with weight stabilization and improving insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Understanding how Metformin modulates liver glucose production is fundamental for effective diabetes management and patient education.