What are the two categories of non-experimental research?

The correct answer identifies descriptive research and correlational research as the two categories of non-experimental research. Non-experimental research is characterized by the absence of manipulation of variables, allowing researchers to observe and analyze phenomena in their natural context.

Descriptive research primarily focuses on providing a complete depiction of the phenomenon being studied. It aims to describe characteristics, behaviors, or conditions without delving into the cause-and-effect relationships. This type of research is crucial for gaining insight and understanding the various aspects of a subject.

Correlational research, on the other hand, seeks to explore the relationships between variables to find patterns or associations. While it does not imply causation, correlational studies can indicate how changes in one variable may relate to changes in another, offering valuable information for hypothesis generation and further investigation.

The other options listed do not accurately define the two specific categories of non-experimental research. While qualitative and quantitative research methods encompass a broader spectrum and could include experimental components, they do not distinctly categorize the non-experimental approach. Case studies and surveys are methodological tools used within descriptive research but do not represent broader categories. The last option points to experimental and observational research, where experimental research involves manipulation of variables, conflicting with the definition of non-experimental research.